Cashback will be given only if KYC is done.Each reward will be received within 24 hours from the time the scratch card has been redeemed by the customer.The validity of this virtual scratch card is 7 Days, and all eligible customers must use their virtual scratch cards within this time period.Īfter 7 Days of the user receiving the virtual scratch card, it will become unusable.On your first transaction, the offer will be automatically activated.Cashback will be credited only in case of successfully delivered orders.Offer is applicable only on making payment on Dish using Paytm Wallet/ Paytm Postpaid.Offer can be availed 1 time during the campaign validity.This offer is applicable only when you Pay on Dish for INR 500 or more.Get Rs 25-500 using Paytm Wallet/Postpaid. Offer callout : Celebrate this cricket season with Paytm. To opt for any other channel apart from those available under the ‘All in One Super Dhamaal Pack’, subscriber will have to recharge separately.Upon recharge of the DTH subscription with the required recharge amount, the subscriber will be entitled to the subscription of All in One Super Dhamaal Pack for a period of 30 days.Subscriber will have to recharge with pack price only to opt for this All in One Super Dhamaal Pack.This pack will be available in monthly billing mode i.e., 30 days billing will be generated in one go and per day billing will not be applicable for this All in One Super Dhamaal Pack.Under the All in One Super Dhamaal Pack, subscriber can opt for the Budget Delight Pack of total 206 Channels along with 13 OTT apps (Disney+ Hotstar, Zee5, LIONSGATE PLAY and more).It is a hybrid monthly pack namely ‘All in One Super Dhamaal’.To opt for any other channel apart from those available under the ‘All in One Super Dhamaal HD Pack’, subscriber will have to recharge separately.ĭetails of offering under the ‘All in One Super Dhamaal Pack’:. Upon recharge of the DTH subscription with the required recharge amount, the subscriber will be entitled to the subscription of All in One Super Dhamaal HD Pack for a period of 30 days.
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You can download SparkChess for PC, Mac, iPad, iPhone, Android phones and tablets. SparkChess has won many awards and it was featured by Google, Blackberry and Adobe for its cross-platform capabilities. Your online games are synced in the cloud across your devices, so you can track your progress and replay old games wherever you are. You can chat with your opponents (and block/report abusive ones). If you don't feel like playing, you can now just watch live games as they unfold. Play chess for free New Apps Board for Windows 4 Free Real Chess Online Alienforce - Real Chess Online 3.4 Free Ludo All Star Win the game and make the King happy 3. The multiplayer service is child-friendly. You can filter out opponents based on different criteria. With the multiplayer feature, you can put your skills to the test against other players like you! You can create an account or play as guest. There are 4 different board styles (a 2D diagram, two fixed 3D designs and a 3D rotatable board) to suit any style - from the playful kid to the serious tournament player. Our online chess game also features an opening database created by analysing 145,000 games from international tournaments. With 5 levels of difficulty and a behavior modeled to make human mistakes, this is a very fun game to play. SparkChess is an excellent way to get better at chess - learn the proper rules (including the elusive en-passant), practice openings, test strategies, use the board editor to recreate famous positions with FEN strings, replay famous games, import/export PGN games and databases (with comments and annotations) and let the computer help you. SparkChess is the only chess game that puts fun first.SparkChess is a free online chess game that allows you to practice chess against the computer and to engage in multiplayer online challenges, or to just watch others play. With a choice of boards, computer opponents and online play, it delivers a first-class experience that is as accessible to experts as it is to beginners, kids and anyone else who wants to discover how entertaining this ancient strategy game really is. Too many chess apps are impossible for anyone but the experts and masters. The real test of a truly intelligent chess game isn’t how hard it is to beat, but how well it can adapt to players of all skill levels. That’s exactly what makes the award-winning SparkChess stand out. Whether you’re brand new to the chess board, looking to improve your game, to teach your kids to play, or are ready to take it to the next challenging level, everyone can find the perfect balance in SparkChess. * Practice chess against the computer or challenge your friends in multiplayer. * A simple user interface that makes it easy to set up and play games. * Choose from different boards: 2D, 3D and a stunning fantasy chess set. * Play casual, quick or expert games, depending on your level. * Learn chess with over 30 interactive lessons. * Test your skills with over 70 chess puzzles. * Learn and practice common openings and their variations (over 100 in total). * A Virtual Chess Coach explains the consequences of your moves. * The only chess game that appeals to beginners and experts alike. * Track your multiplayer progress with statistics. * Watch and comment on live multiplayer games. * Large and friendly community of chess lovers from all over the world.SparkChess Free Download for PC Windows 10/8/7 Laptop: * Child-safe design, with built-in anti-abuse measures built-in. Most of the apps these days are developed only for the mobile platform. Games and apps like PUBG, Subway surfers, Snapseed, Beauty Plus, etc. are available for Android and iOS platforms only. But Android emulators allow us to use all these apps on PC as well. So even if the official version of SparkChess Free for PC not available, you can still use it with the help of Emulators. Here in this article, we are gonna present to you two of the popular Android emulators to use SparkChess Free on PC. SparkChess Free Download for PC Windows 10/8/7 – Method 1:īluestacks is one of the coolest and widely used Emulator to run Android applications on your Windows PC. Bluestacks software is even available for Mac OS as well. We are going to use Bluestacks in this method to Download and Install SparkChess Free for PC Windows 10/8/7 Laptop. Let’s start our step by step installation guide.
LEGO Jurassic World 76942 Baryonyx Dinosaur Boat Escape is the flagship set for the Late Summer 2021/Early Fall 2021 LEGO Jurassic World wave. LEGO Jurassic World 76942 Baryonyx Dinosaur Boat Escape (2021 September Fall) In this LEGO Jurassic World set, you can help Owen save the baby triceratops. It will be available in the USA & Canada market beginning August 1st, 2021. rex and Triceratops Dinosaur Breakout 2021 was released on June 1st, 2021 in the UK, Europe and Australia market. rex and Triceratops Dinosaur Breakout (2021 August Summer)ġ0939 LEGO Jurassic World T. Regional prices, release date and additional LEGO Jurassic World 2021 Summer set images and product description can be founded at LEGO Shop at Home ( USA | Canada | UK | Australia) by searching the set numbers.ġ0939 LEGO Jurassic World T. We only listed the USD prices and the USA release date for these sets. Though, LEGO 10939 is already available in the UK/Europe/Australia markets. The release date for most of these new dinosaur sets is September 1, 2021. LEGO Shop at Home ( USA | Canada | UK | Australia) has revealed all new LEGO Jurassic World Summer 2021 sets! LEGO Jurassic World Summer 2021 set images, prices, leaks and release dates are now available. LEGO Competitions, Contests, Giveaways & Sweepstakes Show sub menu.Affiliate Marketing & Advertising Disclosure.2009-2010 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2011 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2012 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2013 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2014 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2016 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2017-2019 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2020 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.2021 LEGO Building Contests & Giveaways.LEGO Competition, Contest & Giveaway Rules.LEGO Competitions, Contests, Giveaways & Sweepstakes.LEGO Sales Shopping Tips & Buying LEGO at LEGO Store.Canada LEGO Toy Deals & Sales Weekly List. The latest version, IPA chart number 122, was published by the International Phonetic Association in 2005. The International Phonetic Association was formed by formed in1897 (in French, l’Association phonétique internationale). The teachers were headed by the French linguist Paul Passy. In 1886 a group of French and British language teachers teamed up to create a new organization for linguists. Who Uses the International Phonetic Alphabet?Īn essential function of the IPA is to provide a standard for labeling these phonemes so that linguists can discuss any sound without ambiguity. In addition, the IPA vowel chart and other interactive IPA charts below include audio recordings of the individual phonemes in order to help students, non-native speakers of the language, and others, to learn IPA pronunciation of particular sounds. For example, in the IPA vowel chart at the bottom of this page, the IPA phonemes that are generated in the same part of the mouth are listed in the same column, and those that are generated with the same amount of mouth opening or closing are listed in the same row. A phoneme chart can be organized in different ways based on the characteristics of the different IPA phonemes and the relationships between them. For example, the English words “sit”, “bit”, and “kit” can be distinguished by the sounds, or phonemes, that are created by each of their first letters.Ī phoneme chart is a table that displays the IPA symbol for each of the IPA phonemes of the international alphabet. A phoneme is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a given language. International Phonetic Alphabet, also called IPA, is an international alphabet used by linguists to accurately represent the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) in human speech. The interactive IPA chart can be found at the bottom of this page. The International Phonetic Alphabet chart with sounds lets you listen to each of the sounds from the IPA. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Chart With Sounds 100 Most Spoken Languages By Number Of Native Speakers.IPA symbols with Unicode decimal and hex codes. The resort boasts 27 trails across 180 acres and two terrain parks for skiers and snowboarders. These days, Elk Mountain is still attracting skiers. That carried them through the next few months, according to the Scranton Times story.īy the next ski season, a multi-million dollar compressor station was complete, housing “three massive transformers and a fourth, smaller one,” the Scranton Times reported. In just three days, they found 14 portable, diesel-powered compressors that allowed the resort to continue making snow. The total loss exceeded $2 million and left the resort’s snowmaking capabilities at a standstill, the story reported.īut Elk Mountain officials refused to give up. “So intense was the fire that it quickly melted the 12-inch steel beams inside the structure before eight volunteer fire companies … had time to react.” 16, 2000, Scranton Times story about the fire and the ski resort’s recovery reported. “Suddenly, one of the night workers at the mountain heard a noise near the compressor building, which was located halfway up the slopes,” a Jan. Trails were added and improved on over the years, and a 4,000-foot Quad lift got skiers to the trails faster starting in 1994.īut a devastating fire in 1999 - some workers described it as a “fire ball that erupted” - threatened the ski resort’s future. Major projects took place in the 1980s, according to Elk Mountain’s online timeline, including the construction of a ski shop and school in 1981 and a remodeled, expanded lodge in 1982. The East and West slopes were lit up for night skiing starting in 1966, and more lighting was installed on the summit trails in 1973. Snowmaking operations began in earnest in 1962 a beginners J-bar was installed in 1964 and a double chairlift from the lower parking lot to the top of the mountain began bringing skiers up the mountain starting in 1965. The facility’s first double chairlift was installed a year later, according to an Elk Mountain timeline online. Elk Mountain’s first expert trail was used to host 1960 Pennsylvania State Championships. Over the next few years, various improvements were completed. He called the experience “cold and rugged” but praised the “warm, merry and hospitable” main building with a “unique center fireplace blazing away.” Butler visited Elk Mountain that December. It built a small lodge and also made use of a warming hut built years ago by the Scranton Ski Club. The facility would also have a snow-making machine, as well as a parking lot for more than 400 cars. “This equipment is being manufactured specifically for Elk Mountain.” Plans called for a T-bar lift “capable of carrying 1,000 skiers per hour to the top of the slope,” the story continued. “The ski area is being developed on the Northwestern side of Elk Mountain Ski Center Inc., a new corporation formed this year to build and operate the winter sports facility.” “One of the most modern ski areas in the East will be in operation this winter on a towering 2,693 foot mountain 20 miles north of Scranton,” the Sept. Stappacher, a member of the Scranton Ski Club. Lomma, who operated mini golf courses and other amusements throughout the area, and A.H. But 10 years later, a Scranton Times article announced new plans for the mountain, developed by Ralph J. Just how well the ski area fared in its early years is unclear. “Snow conditions should be ideal, since the slope forms a natural bowl.” The combination of trails and slopes will then give skiers a downhill run of 4,000 to 5,000 feet,” according to the article. In 1950, developers planned to install a “J or T-bar lift to the summit, which will be approximately 3,500 feet long. “A separate slope and tow area has been designed for novices.” “Six inches of snow are needed on the slopes, slightly more on the trail,” the newspaper reported. While standard appliances and gas dryers only require 120-volt circuits (one 120-volt wire), bigger appliances like water heaters, electric ranges, and your electric dryer require both 120-volt wires and the neutral wire thus creating a 240-volt circuit. The service head divides into 120-volt wires and a neutral one that brings power to your entire house. Can a Regular Outlet Be Used for a Dryer?Įlectricity is supplied through a service head by outdoor power lines or an underground system of wires. Some gas dryers may have a higher rating, so don’t just assume. However, I would recommend checking that your appliance has this voltage rating or lower. Thus, for gas dryers, you should be able to use a 120-volt outlet. The additional power required to provide the actual heating function of the dryer is supplied by burning gas. Gas dryers, which only require electricity for some operational functions, only pull about 120 volts. Do yourself a favor and connect your dryer to a suitable electrical outlet and learn more about how to prevent circuit overloads. Electrical fires can be started in a variety of ways but overloaded electrical circuits are one of the most common reasons.Įlectricity has become such a familiar resource in modern society that it’s easy to forget how dangerous it can be. It's easy to swap breakers if needed in the future.The National Fire Protection Association estimates that 47,700 residential fires are caused due to electrical failure and malfunction. If by chance your panel dont have the space for another double breaker, just remove the Range one, cap the wires and use the space for your dryer. That way the range outlet is still there for future needs and you dont have to change anything. You might even leave the range outlet entirely and just run some 10-3 + ground cable to your desired location, install the outlet, and add a 30A breaker in the main panel. Of course, you could just repalce the wire too if it's not all that long. Since you are replacing the outlet, is there any slack in the wire to move it a few feet? Drilling a new hole in the floor is not all that hard. They do sell extension cords too, but I will not recommend them for a 220 device. If you only need 10 feet, try to find a longer cord at an electrical supply house. I think they do make them in 10 or 12 foot lengths, but are probably hard to find. (You can not go the other way like change a dryer to a range, because the wire is too small).Īs for your question about a longer cord. None of that should be too costly or difficult, just be sure the power is off when you do it. Cost $12 to $30 depending on breaker type. Then go to the panel and change the 50A breaker to a 30A. This applies to dryers and ranges so make sure you get the cordset right.Īs others have said, just replace the 50A receptacle (outlet) with aģ0A type. In older work, the older 3 wire installations were all grandfathered to be OK (where the neutral served as a ground). I believe the requirement is all new installations need to be 4 wire (Ground, Neutral, hot, and hot). It was easy enough to change out though and thus I did not have any problems with the installers.Īnother issue these days is the 4 wire vs. Sure enough, I had one of those 50A sockets in the laundry room. I was surprised when I bought my dryer at Sears and the salesperson brought up the issue. The problem was apparently so widespread that Sears made an official issue of it and would not allow their dryer installers to finish an installation until the outlet had been replaced by a qualified electrician. The dryer outlet however, was wired with a 50 Amp Range Socket.Īpparently, the electricians in this part of the Pacific Northwest thought they could save money by stocking just one type of 240V plug (the 50A range socket) and 50A cordsets during that period of time. The dryer circuit was properly wired with a 30 amp dual breaker set and #10 wire. Such was the case when I moved into my house (built around 1990-91). Most electricians would not logically incure the extra expense to wire a dryer with a non-code, higher capacity circuit unless they had some really compelling reason to do so. It cost additional dollars for the higher capacity wire and a 50 A breaker. You don't say for sure, but it is possible that the dryer is on a 30A circuit but wired with a 50A plug. Lubbock Public Library call number: 813.54 MILL (Mahon, Godeke). The Mockingbird Next Door: Life with Harper Lee. New York: The Penguin Press, 2014. Harper Lee's to Kill a Mockingbird: New Essays. Racism in Harper Lee's to Kill a Mockingbird. Understanding to Kill a Mockingbird: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historic Documents. Lubbock Public Library call number: 813 L478YJ (Mahon, Groves). To Kill a Mockingbird: Threatening Boundaries. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996. To Kill a Mockingbird Bibliography for Additional Readingīooks about Harper Lee or To Kill a Mockingbird (listed alphabetically by author, call numbers included where available): As Scout observed in the beginning of the book everyone was poor, but some were poorer than others.īut the citizens of Maycomb, Alabama survived the Great Depression, like most rural people, because they could rely on family and friends, if need be, and they lived close to sources of food and could get by more cheaply than “city folk.” Rural areas like the fictionalized Maycomb, Alabama with its agriculturally-based economy, suffered from low agricultural prices (especially cotton), high unemployment, and little opportunity. In rural areas like Alabama, the depression was more severe than in urban areas. At its depth, between 19, the gross national product decreased by one-third, which put between 13-15 million people out of work-about 20% of the work force. It is generally believed The Depression began in 1929 and did not end until the beginning of World War II. The time period of To Kill a Mockingbird is the 1930s during the Great Depression, the severest economic downturn in our nation’s history. The Department of Theatre and Dance produced To Kill a Mockingbird in 2007. As a costume designer she has designed in several states including California, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, Ohio, Michigan, West Virginia, and Vermont. Melissa Merz is currently in her 15th year of teaching here at Texas Tech University. She has also presented at regional, national, and international conferences. In addition to her book, she also has a forthcoming article in the Florida Historical Quarterly, and has published several book reviews and essays. South’s interest in obtaining Latin American territory in the decades before the Civil War. territorial expansion into the Gulf of Mexico and the U.S. Her current book project is based on her dissertation and addresses the process of U.S. She received her Ph.D from the University of Florida with a specialization in antebellum United States southern history and a minor teaching field in Latina/o studies.ĭiaz’s main areas of research include the American South, the Civil War era, borderlands studies, slavery, race, American imperialism and territorial expansion. Prior to entering legal education, she worked at West Texas Legal Services for almost eight years.Īngela Diaz is the postdoctoral teaching fellow in Texas history. Mary’s University for six years, and Acting Associate Director for Academic Excellence for two years. Before joining the faculty at Texas Tech University, Professor Ross was an Instructor of Clinical Law at St. She also assists with the bar preparation in the Academic Support Program. Professor Ross teaches Civil Practice Clinic, Negotiations Workshop, and Race and Racism. from University of Missouri-Columbia in 1991. degree from Texas Tech University in 1988 and her J.D. Wendy Tolson Ross is a Professor of Law at Texas Tech University. Kimberly is a Reference Librarian at the Texas Tech University Library, and she is the liaison to the Women’s Studies and Museum Science programs. She is one of the instructors of the Essentials of Scholarly Research course. Outside of the library, she enjoys playing the piano and baking. Professor of Law Emeritus Texas Tech University, just completed two terms six years as member of TTU System Public Art Committee, presently vice president TTU Museum Association. They come in two varieties: one specialized for indoor use and the other for outdoor use. ZQ300 Series: The ZQ300 Series are basic, all-inclusive models.These series and their standout features are outlined below. Zebra offers seven different series of models for their mobile printing products. They make it convenient to share printed photos you just took with others. These printers can print from computers, smartphones, and tablets and usually include one or more memory card slots and USB ports. There are several varieties of Zebra portable printers that can be used to print photos in full color. These mobile printers are wireless and are compatible with Apple IOS, Android, and Windows operating systems, including smartphones and tablets. The IP rating is an international standard that measures how well electronic devices keep out foreign substances and withstand impacts. Durability is also important, with the manufacturer providing information on IP ratings for each model. For maximum mobility, most of these printers weigh under a pound. Zebra mobile printers offer print widths that are usually three inches or less. Zebra manufactures several different models of mobile printers to meet the needs of anyone who requires the ability to produce receipts and labels from a mobile device. The ability to print on the go is beneficial in a number of different situations. Print on the Go With a Zebra Mobile Printer They are super light and comfy when applied properly. There are absolutely NO challenges in wearing lash extensions. In many ways, (to Phillips,) a flawless record was a record without soul. One would expect the self-checkout experience to be flawless. Send us feedback about these examples.We're in 2022. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'flaw.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Nicholas Gordon, Fortune, 12 July 2023 See More Catherine Stupp, WSJ, 19 July 2023 Fraud accusations against Gino were first raised in mid-June, when the Chronicle of Higher Education first reported that one of the Harvard professor’s studies-which had already been retracted due to concerns about its data-had broader flaws than previously reported. Nancy Armour, USA TODAY, 21 July 2023 Since Progress Software disclosed a flaw in MoveIt on May 31, more than 200 companies have said they were affected by cyberattacks on the software, and hackers have claimed credit for attacking close to 400 organizations, Callow said. Time, 21 July 2023 But loving your country doesn’t mean turning a blind eye to its flaws. Clementson, The Conversation, 21 July 2023 Under the agreement, companies will put new artificial intelligence systems through internal and external testing before their release and ask outside teams to probe their systems for security flaws, discriminatory tendencies or risks to Americans’ rights, health information or safety. Jeffrey Frank, The New Yorker, 21 July 2023 And OpenAI acknowledges flaws with ChatGPT that lead it to provide biased information, disinformation and outright false information. Compiled By Democrat-Gazette Staff From Wire Reports, Arkansas Online, 22 July 2023 The flaw in Dean’s plan, which never reached President Harry Truman’s desk, was that tactical nuclear weapons were still on the atomic drawing board. Jeff John Roberts, Fortune Crypto, 25 July 2023 The companies will also publicly report flaws and risks in their technology, including effects on fairness and bias, according to the pledge. Noun For starters, the orb might have coding flaws that could let a hacker decipher all the iris scans. Darren Orf, Popular Mechanics, Researchers are left with studies modestly flawed in different ways and new data that contradicts older findings. David Jackson, USA TODAY, Some experts even argue that the very tests that measure an AI’s human-like abilities are inherently flawed by only focusing on certain types of intelligence. 6, 2021, saying the protestors agreed with him that the election was flawed. Matt Martell, New York Times, 11 June 2023 Trump also expressed no regrets for the insurrection of Jan. Politifact Staff Writer, Dallas News, 12 June 2023 That rule, however, which dates to 1887, has been flawed from the start. Yolanda MacHado, EW.com, 16 June 2023 The pardon doesn’t mean the prosecution was flawed. Sam Walters, Discover Magazine, 21 June 2023 In fact, in several key moments, the film lends a vulnerability to the working-class hero, flawed in the most human of ways, fueled by a dream to provide a better life for his family. Joe Heim, Washington Post, 6 July 2023 According to the authors of the rebuttal, the dating technique that had been used for the 2018 findings had been flawed, resulting in the possible overestimation of the arts’ age. Verb For some who have followed the case, the Supreme Court ruling was the culmination of a process that has been flawed at every step of the way. The total sleep time required for adolescents is 9-10 hours each night. One study found that children appear to have longer REM sleep latencies than adolescents and thus spend more time in stage N3. By six years old, children will manifest circadian sleep phase preferences and tend toward being a night owl or an early riser. Toddlers (age 1 to 3) and children (age 3 to 9)Īround the ages of two to five, the total sleep time needed each day decreases by two hours, from 13 to 11 hours. At 12 months of age, infants typically sleep 14-15 hours per day, with most sleep now occurring in the evening with only one to two naps needed during the day. At six months of age, the longest continuous sleep episode lengthens to six hours. The total NREM and REM sleep cycle is typically 50 minutes instead of the adult 90-minute cycle. At this time, REM sleep decreases and shifts to the later part of the sleep cycle. Three months of age is when the cycling of melatonin and cortisol in a circadian rhythm occurs and when sleep onset begins with NREM. At two months of age, the progression of nocturnal sleeping begins. These differences in sleep and sleep stages occur as circadian rhythms have not fully been determined.Ĭircadian rhythms begin to develop around two to three months of age, with greater durations of waking hours during the day and longer periods of sleep at night. In contrast to children and adults, newborn sleep onset occurs through REM, not NREM, with each sleep episode consisting of only one or two cycles. Newborns have three different types of sleep: quiet sleep (similar to NREM), active sleep (similar to REM), and indeterminate sleep. Newborns sleep approximately 16-18 hours per day discontinuously, with the longest continuous sleep episode typically lasting 2.5 to 4 hours. Sleep timing in newborns is distributed evenly across day and night for the first few weeks of life, with no regular rhythm or concentration of sleeping and waking. The time spent in each sleep stage develops and changes as we age, with the consistent trend being that amounts of sleep decrease as individuals age. HA is released from histamine-containing neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus of the posterior thalamus. The cell bodies of hypocretin-producing neurons are localized to the dorsolateral hypothalamus and send projections to all the major brain regions that regulate arousal. The noradrenergic cells of the LC inhibit REM sleep, promote wakefulness, and project to various other arousal-regulating brain regions, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain, and cortex. NE is released from norepinephrine-containing neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC). 5-HT is released from serotonin-containing neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Cortical ACh release is greatest during waking and REM sleep and lowest during NREM sleep. Neurochemicals such as acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), histamine (HA), and the peptide hypocretin maintain the waking state. Adenosine also promotes sleep by inhibiting wakefulness-promoting neurons localized to the basal forebrain, lateral hypothalamus, and tuberomammillary nucleus. Sleep-promoting neurons in the anterior hypothalamus release GABA, which inhibits wake-promoting regions in the hypothalamus and brainstem. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (CNS), and it has been well established that activation of GABA-a receptors favors sleep. |
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